[健康之路]感冒了还能不能做运动，能的话，是好是坏？（上）

[健康之路]感冒了还能不能做运动，能的话，是好是坏？（上）

Health Guide: Colds


Filip Kwiatkowski for The New York Times



Should you work out?
感冒了，还该做运动么？
And if you do, should you push yourself as hard as ever or take it easy? Will exercise have no effect, or make you feel better or worse?
如果你继续，是应该和以前一样强度还是放松一下？作运动有什么影响，是让人感觉好些还是更难受？
It is a question, surprisingly enough, that stumps many exercise physiologists and infectious disease specialists.
更让我们惊奇的是，这个问题，竟然难倒了很多运动生理学家还有传染病学家。
“That question has not been actually studied,” said Dr. Aaron E. Glatt, a spokesman for the Infectious Diseases Society and the president of New Island Hospital in Bethpage, N.Y.
“实际上，这个问题一直没得到研究”，身兼美国传染病协会发言人和美国纽约州Bethpage的新岛医院董事长的Aaron E. Glatt博士说。
Many avid exercisers make up their own rules, and it seems that many of them, like Dr. Michael Joyner, an exercise researcher at the Mayo Clinic who is a swimmer and runner, decide to keep exercising if they possibly can.
很多运动爱好者都有自己的一套运动法则，看来他们中的很多人，会尽可能选择继续做运动，像梅奥临床和医疗中心的运动研究专家Michael Joyner博士，就是其中之一，他自己就是一个游泳和跑步爱好者。
“I can tell you that unless I am really wiped out, I still work out but maybe scale back a bit,” Dr. Joyner said. “I think that would be the answer from most relatively hard-core, old-school types.
“我告诉你，除非我真的不行了，我会继续做运动，但可能降低一点运动强度，”Joyner博士说。“我认为对于大多数传统顽固的运动爱好者来说。”
“If I have an obvious fever and muscle aches,” he continued, “I do very little or take a day or two off, but I really have to be in a bad way to skip more than that.”
Dr. Bill Schaffner, chairman of the department of preventive medicine at Vanderbilt University and a member of the board of directors of the Infectious Diseases Society, said he was unaware of any studies that addressed the issue.
“如果我有明显的发烧或者肌肉酸痛症状，”他继续讲到，“我可能几乎不作运动了或者，休息一两天，但是我真的病情很严重的话会休息更长时间。”
美国范德堡大学预防医学部主席，美国传染病协会董事会成员之一的Bill Schaffner博士说，他认为还没有任何科学研究对此作出解答。
Dr. Schaffner described himself as a jogger who runs a few miles most days and goes to a gym for resistance training. And, he said, he continues his workouts when he has a cold.
Exercise, he said, makes him feel better. He speculates that perhaps it is because his blood vessels are dilated when he exercises.
Schaffner博士说自己是一个几乎每天都要跑几英里的长跑爱好者，也在健身房做阻力运动训练（无氧运动）。他说，当他感冒了，他会继续做运动。他认为，运动能使他感觉更好些。他推测，这大概是因为运动能使血管扩张的缘故。
“I think exercise pushes me along a route to recovery,” Dr. Schaffner said. “Of course, I recognize that I might have been on a route to recovery anyway. But I can’t think of a reason why exercise would affect you adversely.”
“我想运动能使我更快恢复，”Schaffner博士说。“当然，我也知道无论怎样都会恢复的。但是，我实在找不到任何运动会带来负面作用的理由。”
It turns out that, even though they were unaware of them, the strategies of people like Dr. Schaffner and Dr. Joyner are actually supported by two little-known studies that were published a decade ago in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Results from the studies were so much in favor of exercise that the researchers themselves were surprised.
看起来，尽管人们都毫不知情，但是像Schaffner和Joyner博士等人，采取的运动策略都得到了两个鲜有人知的研究，也就是十年前，发表在《医学与科学》和《体育与运动》上的期刊的支持。从结果来看，如此倾向于支持（感冒后继续）运动，让研究这也感到意外。
The studies began, said Leonard Kaminsky, an exercise physiologist at Ball State University, when a trainer at the university, Thomas Weidner, wondered what he should tell athletes when they got colds.
鲍尔州立大学的一位运动生理学家Leonard Kaminsky说，当时，大学的一个叫 Thomas Weidner的训练师，一直不知道运动员感冒后应当告诉他们什么，就开始了这项研究。
The first question was: Does a cold affect your ability to exercise? To address that, the researchers recruited 24 men and 21 women ages 18 to 29 and of varying levels of fitness who agreed to be deliberately infected with a rhinovirus, which is responsible for about a third of all colds. Another group of 10 young men and women served as controls; they were not infected.
第一个问题是：感冒会不会影响运动能力？为了搞清这个问题，研究者雇佣了18到29不同年龄不同身体状况的24名男性和女性。他们都同意接种“鼻病毒”感染实验--感冒人群中每三个人，其中一个就是感染了此病毒。另外一组中10名男性和女性当作参照物，并不感染此病毒。
At the start of the study, the investigators tested all of the subjects, assessing their lung functions and exercise capacity. Then a cold virus was dropped into the noses of 45 of the subjects, and all caught head colds. Two days later, when their cold symptoms were at their worst, the subjects exercised by running on treadmills at moderate and intense levels. The researchers reported that having a cold had no effect on either lung function or exercise capacity.
研究的开始阶段，调查者测试了所有研究对象，评估了他们的肺功能和运动能力。然后，把感冒病毒滴入45个研究对象的鼻腔里，他们所有人都得上感冒。两天后，当他们的感冒症状最严重的时候，测试对象在跑步机上做中等和剧烈强度的跑步运动。研究者报告感冒不会对肺功能和运动能力有任何影响。